Antidépresseurs = Placebo ? (3ème partie/3)

Deuxième partie ici

Le syndrôme de sevrage aux antidépresseurs

Comme l’akathisie le syndrôme de sevrage peut entraîner des pulsions meurtrières et des suicides. Les suicides étant cette fois entraînés. 50 % à 78% environ est le nombre de personnes sujettes a un syndrôme de sevrage (il varie selon les molécules) . Certains laboratoires ont été condamnés pour avoir caché cette dépendance (deroxat / seroxat / paxil par exemple). Le syndrôme prolongé de sevrage aux antidépresseurs (pouvant durer des mois ou des années) n’est pas encore reconnu en France.

Antidépresseur et acte suicidaire

Les études établissant un lien entre le risque suicidaire et la consommation d’antidépresseur sont nombreuses.

Alors que certaines études indiqueraient une réduction du taux de suicide lié à un diagnostic et une prise en charge de la dépression, d’autres tendent à montrer une augmentation significative mais faible du risque de passage à l’acte suicidaire essentiellement chez l’adulte jeune et des présomptions de risques augmentés chez les enfants et les adolescents. Ce risque de passage à l’acte suicidaire est surtout présent en début de traitement, principalement dans la période de latence, entre le début du traitement et le début des effets sur l’humeur du patient, ce qui a motivé une note d’avertissement de la FDA américaine en 2004. Ces faits restent controversés : le nombre de suicide ne semble pas, en particulier, corrélé avec le nombre de prescriptions d’antidépresseurs. De plus, la plupart des études excluent les dépressifs graves, avec un risque suicidaire maximal et pour lesquels le traitement antidépresseur aurait une efficacité maximale sur le taux de suicides, la mise de ces derniers sous placebo posant des problèmes d’éthique.

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